The Need for Studies on Biopsychosocial Impacts in Healthcare Professionals After the Loss of the First Patient: A Systematic Review

Abstract

Introduction: Understanding death as a natural aspect of life is essential in the training of healthcare professionals. However, the lack of emphasis on palliative care (PC) in academic curricula has led to significant gaps in preparing students and professionals to cope with patient death. This deficiency generates biopsychosocial impacts, including emotional and professional stress. Objective: To critically analyze the importance of palliative care education in addressing first patient loss and the biopsychosocial impacts faced by healthcare professionals. Methods: An integrative review was conducted to analyze studies published in the last 10 years, in English and Portuguese, focusing on biopsychosocial impacts following the loss of the first patient and the importance of PC education. Electronic databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were utilized, with inclusion criteria addressing the relevance of the topic. Results: The lack of effective palliative care approach in Brazilian academic curricula revealed significant repercussions, including difficulties in managing patient loss. This triggered instances of stress, depression, anxiety, and Burnout Syndrome among healthcare students and professionals. The lack of preparedness manifested in the limited perception of PC, often reduced to relieving physical suffering, neglecting its holistic approach. Conclusion: Integrating palliative care into healthcare curricula is crucial. This not only equips professionals to cope with patient death but also enhances their ability to deliver compassionate and holistic care. Inadequate instruction has proven detrimental to the mental health of professionals and the quality of care provided. Investing in PC education can transform not only clinical practice but also the emotional resilience of professionals, resulting in a more humane and effective healthcare system.